Europe and the Maastricht Challenge

Europe and the Challenge of Energy Security: Limitations and Strategies

The increasing dependence of European Union member countries on imported oil and gas has led to concerns about energy supply and security.  At the same time the share of clean energy in Europe’s energy consumption basket is increasing due to environmental issues. About a quarter of all energy consumption in the EU is natural gas, and most EU member states import almost all of their energy resou...

Fiscal Consolidation in Europe : Pre - and Post - Maastricht

Based on a panel data model this paper investigates whether the effects of fiscal policy on national saving in Europe have changed after the Maastricht Treaty came into force. Recently Giavazzi, Jappelli and Pagano (2000) found evidence that national saving responds nonlinearly to fiscal policy when a large and persistent consolidation is undertaken. I show that their finding is not robust, one...

Urban sprawl in Europe — The ignored challenge

Globalisation and the Challenge of Asian Legal Transplants in Europe

This article reviews the main patterns of Asian migration to Europe and the ways in which Europe today has become ‘multicultured’ with Afro-Asian legal diversities. It discusses the limited role which Asian states have played in these processes of emigration and settlement. It further examines the status of the laws transplanted by Asian migrants and their descendants in Europe and the ways in ...

Europe at the Crossroads: the Challenge from Innovation-based Growth

Europe’s performance relative to the US and countries in Asia is a topic that greatly preoccupies policy-makers who are concerned that the EU is losing ground compared to other, more dynamic parts of the world. Although the recent crises in Asia gave a timely reminder that the grass often looks greener on the other side of the fence, this paper points to trends in EU performance that European p...